441-01344 (Business and trade)

The Government of Canada is committed to upholding human rights as well as labour and environmental standards. The Minister of Labour, with support from the Ministers of Public Safety, Public Services and Procurement, as well as International Trade, Export Promotion, Small Business and Economic Development, remains committed to introducing legislation to eradicate forced labour from Canadian supply chains, while also ensuring that Canadian businesses operating abroad do not contribute to human rights abuses.

In March 2022, the Government of Canada published the Labour exploitation in global supply chains: What We Heard Report, which provides a summary of past consultations on possible measures to address labour exploitation in supply chains. Stakeholders were invited to review the Report and to share feedback. Submissions were received from a range of organizations and individuals. The Government continues to consider the results of these consultations, as well as best practices and other inputs received during continued engagement with numerous civil society organizations, industry associations, foreign governments and other stakeholders.

On May 3, 2023, Members of Parliament passed Senate Public Bill S-211, Fighting Against Forced Labour and Child Labour in Supply Chains Act. The bill received royal assent on May 11, 2023. The Act imposes an obligation on government institutions and certain private-sector entities to report publicly on the measures taken to prevent and reduce the risk that forced labour or child labour is used by them or in their supply chains. The Act also amends the Customs Tariff to allow for a prohibition on the importation of goods manufactured or produced, in whole or in part, by forced labour or child labour as those terms are defined in the Fighting Against Forced Labour and Child Labour in Supply Chains Act. Public Safety Canada is responsible for the implementation of this Act. 

Bill S-211 has sparked important dialogue and helped bring attention to the issue of forced labour in supply chains. The Government recognizes that S-211 may service as an important first step, however, more is needed. The Government of Canada committed, as part of the 2023 federal budget, to introduce legislation in 2024 to help eradicate forced labour from Canadian supply chains and to strengthen the import ban on goods produced using forced labour by 2024. The legislation will be strong, effective, and enforceable. For example, whereas S-211 only requires entities to report on forced labour in their supply chains, government legislation would include due diligence measures to ensure they take action to eradicate it.   

Supply chain legislation is just one tool, among many, needed to address forced labour and other forms of exploitation. The Government of Canada also has in place a variety of other initiatives to prevent and address exploitation in global supply chains and to promote responsible business conduct abroad. For example, Canada is part of a number of conventions aimed at protecting human rights and works to negotiate into Canada’s free trade agreements enforceable obligations to address child and forced labour. Trade sanctions or financial penalties can also be imposed on free trade partners that do not live up to these obligations.

In addition, the Government of Canada introduced the prohibition on the importation of goods produced in whole or in part by forced labour, which came into force under the Customs Tariff on July 1, 2020. This implemented an obligation in the Labour Chapter of the Canada-U.S.-Mexico Agreement (CUSMA) and applies to all goods regardless of country of origin.

Furthermore, the Government’s National Strategy to Combat Human Trafficking enhances Canada’s efforts to combat human trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation and forced labour, both domestically and internationally. It is a multi-department horizontal initiative centred on prevention, protection, prosecutions, partnerships, and survivors’ empowerment. Within the National Strategy, the Government of Canada committed to promoting ethical corporate practices by encouraging industry partners to implement changes in their supply chains to prevent and reduce the risk of forced labour.

On the public procurement front, Canada has strengthened its contracting regime to ensure that federal suppliers adhere to the highest ethical standards and treat their workers with dignity. To this end, Public Services and Procurement Canada (PSPC) has updated its Code of Conduct for Procurement to include expectations for suppliers and their subcontractors on human and labour rights. In addition, PSPC has implemented new anti-forced labour contract clauses to ensure that they can terminate contracts where there is credible information that goods have been produced in whole or in part by forced labour or human trafficking. The clauses also enable contract termination if goods do not clear customs because of breaches under the prohibition on the importation of goods produced with forced labour in the Customs Tariff. PSPC also recently awarded a contract to map international due diligence obligations for businesses to report on actions taken to address the risks of forced labour, human trafficking, and human rights violations in their supply chains. This research will inform ongoing activities designed to ensure that suppliers of goods and services apply the highest ethical and sustainability standards across their supply chains.

At the September 2022 G7 Trade and Investment Ministers Meeting, G7 partners committed to strengthen cooperation and collective efforts towards eradicating the use of all forms of forced labour and child labour in global supply chains. This commitment includes measures that promote corporate due diligence, as well as working to further enhance predictability and certainty for businesses.

The Government of Canada expects Canadian companies operating abroad to abide by all relevant laws, to respect human rights in all their activities abroad, and to adopt best practices and internationally respected guidelines, such as the United Nations (UN) Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, and the International Labour Organization Tripartite Declaration of Principles Concerning Multinational Enterprises and Social Policy. To this end, Global Affairs Canada released its RBC Strategy in April 2022, which sets out priorities for the Government of Canada to support Canadian businesses active abroad – no matter their size, sector, or scope – to integrate leading responsible business practices into their operations, including throughout their supply chains and to help them mitigate risks. The Strategy strengthens Canada’s balanced approach to RBC, which includes preventative measures, legislation in select areas, and access to dispute resolution.

In terms of access to dispute resolution, the Government of Canada supports Canada’s National Contact Point (NCP) for the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and the Canadian Ombudsperson for Responsible Enterprise (CORE). The NCP is mandated to offer facilitated dialogue and mediation to all sectors on issues covered by the OECD Guidelines, including disclosure, labour issues, human rights, environmental issues, and bribery. The NCP can address complaints directed at the activities of multinational enterprises in Canada and the operations of Canadian multinational enterprises operating abroad. The CORE can review complaints of alleged human rights abuses by Canadian companies operating abroad in the mining, oil and gas, and garment sectors. The CORE also has the ability to receive complaints and undertake a review at its own initiative.

Canada expects that Canadian companies will participate in good faith in these dispute resolution processes. If a Canadian company has not acted in good faith during the course of or follow-up to a review process, both the NCP and the CORE can recommend the withdrawal of Trade Commissioner Service support and that Export Development Canada, and the Canadian Commercial Corporation also withdraw future support. The CORE and the NCP work with complainants and companies to find a solution through fact-finding, discussion and mediation. The two mechanisms can offer effective and accessible alternatives to judicial processes, although they do not preclude a party from addressing the issues in other fora. 

The Government believes that a whole-of-government approach, including supply chain legislation, will be essential in addressing labour exploitation in Canadian supply chains. We look forward to working closely with Parliamentarians, stakeholders and international partners to strengthen Canada’s approach and global efforts to address forced labour and other forms of exploitation.